UN 1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act
Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.
Evidence Scorecard
Three lenses — wording, timing, documented link. Not a single proof score.
Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.757); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.
Could also be…show
- •Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
- •Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
- •A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.
Timeline of the echo
62 year lagFrom date field: 1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol → 2012 enactment / 2013 in force · 1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol → 2012 enactment / 2013 in force
Interrogate the Evidence
Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.
Bprobable echo · 76%
- SemanticStrong semantic alignment
- TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
- LinkageOfficial Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)
Matched concepts: refugees ↔ 난민; 1951 Convention ↔ 협약; status ↔ 인정; 1951 Refugee Convention ↔ 난민법 난민협약 이행; non-refoulement principle ↔ 강제송환금지 원칙 법제화
Cross-lingual similarity 17/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.
Similarity type: treaty accession codified into standalone domestic statute
Matched Concepts
7 pairsAgenda Arc
CuratedGlobal purpose, Korean purpose, and precursor stages. Reasoning echo is discourse observation — not proof of coordination.
The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (adopted in Geneva on 28 July 1951, entered into force 22 April 1954) and its 1967 Protocol form the cornerstone of international refugee law.
대한민국은 1992년 12월 「난민의 지위에 관한 협약」 및 동 의정서에 가입하였고, 그 이전까지 난민 인정은 「출입국관리법」에서만 다루어졌다. 이후 절차의 신속성·투명성·공정성을 제고하고 난민의 처우를 국제 기준에 맞추기 위해 「난민법」(법률 제11298호)이 2012년 2월 10일 제정되어 2013년 7월 1일부터 시행되었다(소관 부처: 법무부).
국가법령정보센터 · 난민법 — 대한민국은 1992년 12월 「난민의 지위에 관한 협약」 및 동 의정서에 가입하였고, 그 이전까지 난민 인정은 「출입국관리법」에서만 다루어졌다. 이후 절차의 신속성·투명성·공정성을 제고하고 난민의 처우를 국제 기준에 맞추기 위해 「난민법」(법률 제11298호)이 2012년 2월 10일 제정되어 2013년 7월 1일부터 시행되었다(소관 부처: 법무부).
Observed framing link: treaty accession codified into standalone domestic statute. Not a claim of coordination.
UN · UNHCR
1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol → 2012 enactment / 2013 in force
- Soft lawGlobal1951UNConvention / 1967 Protocol
1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol
Primary source - LegislationKorea2012UNenactment / 2013 in force
2012 enactment / 2013 in force
Primary source
The 1951 Convention② relating to the Status③ of Refugees① (adopted in Geneva on 28 July 1951, entered into force 22 April 1954) and its 1967 Protocol form the cornerstone of international refugee law. The Convention④'s Article 1A(2) defines a refugee as a person with a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, while Article 33 enshrines the principle of non-refoulement⑤, prohibiting return to a territory where life or freedom would be threatened. The 1967 Protocol removed the Convention's original temporal and geographic limits, extending it universally. UNHCR serves as guardian of both instruments, to which 146 states are party as of June 2026.
대한민국은 1992년 12월 「난민①의 지위에 관한 협약②」 및 동 의정서에 가입하였고, 그 이전까지 난민 인정③은 「출입국관리법」에서만 다루어졌다. 이후 절차의 신속성·투명성·공정성을 제고하고 난민의 처우를 국제 기준에 맞추기 위해 「난민법」(법률 제11298호)이 2012년 2월 10일 제정되어 2013년 7월 1일부터 시행되었다(소관 부처: 법무부). 이는 아시아 최초의 독립 난민 법률이다. 제2조는 난민을 인종·종교·국적·특정 사회집단 구성원 신분·정치적 견해를 이유로 박해받을 우려가 있는 외국인으로 정의하여 협약 제1조A(2) 정의를 수용하였고, 제3조는 난민인정자·인도적체류자·난민신청자의 강제송환을 금지(농르풀망)한다. 그 밖에 난민인정 절차⑦, 협약에 따른 처우, 사회보장 등을 규정한다.
Echo Strength
1951 Convention / 1967 Protocol → 2012 enactment / 2013 in force
treaty accession codified into standalone domestic statute
Regional DiffusionJP · TW · SG · CN
Korea leadsKorea 2013 난민법 = only standalone refugee statute in the peer set (Asia-first); peers absorb via immigration law or remain non-parties
Sources
Related Patterns
UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act
Immigration Detention / GCR
UNHCR Asylum Procedures → Korea Refugee Status Determination
UNHCR #IBelong Campaign → Korea Statelessness Prevention
UNHCR Resettlement Program → Korea Refugee Resettlement Pilot
ESG / Climate Disclosure
Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)
Judicial Independence Under Pressure
Semantically Related
Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.
UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act
Immigration
UNHCR Asylum Procedures → Korea Refugee Status Determination
Immigration
CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality
Rights & Anti-corruption
UNHCR Resettlement Program → Korea Refugee Resettlement Pilot
Immigration
Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act
Environment
UN Convention vs Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) → Korea
Finance