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Immigration✓ verified

UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act → Ministry of Justice

법무부 (Ministry of Justice), 출입국·외국인정책본부 (Korea Immigration Service)

CSuggestive similarity
Evidence tier

Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.

Evidence Scorecard

A single score cannot prove an echo. This card triangulates semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.

Suggestive similarity
Semantic
Strong semantic alignment
Temporal
Global precedent precedes Korea
Linkage
No recorded linkage
Tier C Suggestive similarity — semantic or keyword overlap + plausible timing
Multilingual semantic similarity
cosine similarity (method detail)0.756

Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.756); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.

Could also be…

  • Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
  • Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
  • A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.

Interrogate the Evidence

Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.

Csuggestive similarity · 67%

  • SemanticStrong semantic alignment
  • TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
  • LinkageNo recorded linkage

Matched concepts: 1951 Refugee Convention 난민법 (2013년 아시아 최초 제정); principle of non-refoulement 강제송환 금지; refugee status determination 난민 인정 절차 (연간 약 2만 건)

Cross-lingual similarity 16/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.

Similarity type: UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act | 1951 Refugee Convention → 난민법 (2013년 아시아 최초 제정)

Caveat: semantic similarity only — this tier records a hypothesis, not proof of causal influence.

Matched Concepts

3 pairs
1951 Refugee Convention
난민법 (2013년 아시아 최초 제정)
principle of non-refoulement
강제송환 금지
refugee status determination
난민 인정 절차 (연간 약 2만 건)
Original (Global)

The UN Refugee Convention defines refugee rights and the principle of non-refoulement.

Echo (Korea)

대한민국은 2013년 아시아 최초로 난민법을 제정하여 UN 난민 협약을 이행하고, 난민 인정 절차와 강제송환 금지를 규정한다.

Echo Strength

sourceVerified
hasKoreanSource
hasGlobalSource
hasDate
keywordDiversity
agendaTags

Influence Mechanism

policy learning
Origin
UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for Refugees)UN (United Nations)
Timeline

1951–2025

UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act | 1951 Refugee Convention → 난민법 (2013년 아시아 최초 제정)

Sources

Related Patterns

1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act (난민법)

UNUNHCR
P(B|A) = 55%agenda
50%

Immigration Detention / GCR

UNUNHCR
P(B|A) = 61%category
42%

UNHCR Asylum Procedures → Korea Refugee Status Determination

UNHCR
P(B|A) = 51%category
32%

UNHCR #IBelong Campaign → Korea Statelessness Prevention

UNHCR
P(B|A) = 48%category
25%

UNHCR Resettlement Program → Korea Refugee Resettlement Pilot

UNHCR
P(B|A) = 47%category
23%

ESG / Climate Disclosure

UN
20%

Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)

UN
20%

Judicial Independence Under Pressure

UN
20%

Gender Policy / Women's Rights Oscillation

UN
20%

ILO Core Conventions → Korean Labor Law Reform

UN
20%

Automotive Cybersecurity (UN R155 / WP.29)

UN
20%

UN 2030 Agenda / SDGs → K-SDGs & Sustainable Development Basic Act

UN
20%

Stockholm / Rotterdam Conventions → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Act

UN
20%

Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act

UN
20%

UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea

UN
20%

CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

UN
20%

Outer Space Treaty / UN COPUOS → Korea Space Development Act & KASA

UN
20%

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Foreign Trade Act (strategic items)

UN
20%

UN Global Digital Compact → Korea Digital Bill of Rights

UN
20%

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control

UN
20%

ESG Disclosure & Green Finance (Banks)

UN
13%

Networked Global Governance Matrix

UN
13%

Korea AI Framework Act (2026)

UN
13%

EU CBAM & Korea Response (2026)

UN
13%

ESG Disclosure Mandate (ISSB-aligned)

UN
13%

Deepfake Regulation (2024-2025)

UN
13%

Nuclear Energy Policy Oscillation

UN
13%

Media Consolidation / Press Freedom

UN
13%

Platform Content Moderation (Network Act)

UN
13%

Supply Chain Due Diligence (CSDDD)

UN
13%

Genome Editing & LMO Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)

UN
13%

IMO Ship Recycling Convention → Korea

UN
13%

ICAO Aviation Safety & Open Skies

UN
13%

KASA & Space Development Promotion Act

UN
13%

Hydrogen Roadmap & IEA Clean Energy Transition

UN
13%

UNESCO Cultural Heritage & Intangible Heritage (Korea Heritage Service)

UN
13%

WHO Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Framework

UN
13%

UNESCO SDG4 & AI Digital Textbooks (Education)

UN
13%

UNFCCC Paris NDC & Korea Carbon Neutrality Act

UN
13%

UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation → Korea AI Basic Act

UN
13%

ILO Convention 190 (Violence & Harassment) → Korean Workplace Harassment Law

UN
13%

WHO Pandemic Agreement (WHA78) → Korea Infectious Disease Law

UN
13%

EU–Korea Framework Agreement → Political / Global Governance Cooperation

UN
13%

UN Civil Society Participation ↔ Korea Nonprofit Civil Society Registration

UN
P(B|A) = 40%category
13%

CBD / Kunming-Montreal Framework → Korea Biodiversity Act

UN
13%

EU ETS → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS)

UN
13%

UN CRC → Korea Child Welfare & Child Abuse Punishment Acts

UN
13%

CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act

UN
13%

Hague Apostille Convention → Korea Document Authentication

UN
13%

Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act

UN
13%

ICAO SARPs (Chicago Convention) → Korea Aviation Safety Act

UN
13%

Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management

UN
13%

Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act

UN
13%

UNCITRAL Cross-Border Insolvency Model Law → Korea Debtor Rehabilitation Act

UN
13%

Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act

UN
13%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement Article 6 (Carbon Markets) → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme

UN
13%

UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

UN
13%

UNFCCC Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) → Korea National Climate Adaptation Plan

UN
13%

UNFCCC Technology Mechanism → Korea Environmental Technology & Industry Support Act

UN
13%

UNFCCC Gender Action Plan → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

UN
13%

CBD Nagoya Protocol on ABS → Korea Genetic Resources Access and Benefit-Sharing Act

UN
13%

CBD Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety → Korea LMO Transboundary Movement Act

UN
13%

Basel Convention (Waste Management Framework) → Korea Waste Management Act

UN
13%

Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments → Korea Circular Economy Act

UN
13%

Basel Convention E-Waste Technical Guidelines → Korea E-Waste Recycling Act

UN
13%

Stockholm Convention (POPs Regulation) → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act

UN
13%

Stockholm Convention (PFAS Regulation) → Korea Chemical Substances Management Act

UN
13%

IMO Ballast Water Management Convention → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

UN
13%

IMO Polar Code (Ship Safety in Polar Waters) → Korea Maritime Safety Act

UN
13%

IMO MARPOL Convention → Korea Ship Safety Act

UN
13%

IMO Sulphur 2020 (Global Sulphur Cap) → Korea Eco-Friendly Ships Act

UN
13%

IMO Anti-Fouling Systems Convention → Korea Ship Navigation Act

UN
13%

ICAO Aircraft Noise Standards (Annex 16) → Korea Airport Noise Prevention Act

UN
13%

ICAO Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) → Korea Aviation Business Act

UN
13%

ICAO Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

UN
13%

ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act

UN
13%

UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) → Korea Energy Act

UN
13%

IPCC WG3 (Climate Mitigation) → Korea Energy Use Rationalization Act

UN
13%

IPCC AR6 (Energy Systems Transition) → Korea Urban Gas Business Act

UN
13%

UN Cybercrime Treaty → Korea Cybercrime Investigation Framework

UN
13%

UNCITRAL CISG → Korea International Sale of Goods Act

UN
13%

UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration → Korea Arbitration Act

UN
13%

CRC Optional Protocol on Sale of Children → Korea Child Welfare Act & Act on Protection of Children and Youth against Sex Offenses

UN
13%

CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act

UN
13%

CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (Gender-based violence) → Korea Framework Act on Prevention of Violence Against Women

UN
13%

CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act

UN
13%

CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act

UN
13%

FATF Proliferation Financing → 대량살상무기확산자금조달금지법

UN
13%

UNDRR Sendai Framework → 재난안전관리기본법 (재난위험경감)

UN
13%

UNDRR Sendai Framework Monitor → 한국 재난통계 및 지표체계

UN
13%

UNDRR Early Warnings for All → 한국 조기경보시스템

UN
13%

UNDRR National Platform → 한국 국가재난안전포털

UN
13%

IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards → Korea Nuclear Safety Act

UN
13%

IAEA Fusion Energy / ITER → Korea Nuclear Energy Promotion Act

UN
13%

IAEA Nuclear Energy / Peaceful Uses → Korea Power Development Promotion Act

UN
13%

UNODC/UNTOC Protocol on Human Trafficking → Korea Criminal Act & Act on Prevention of Human Trafficking

UN
13%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement NDC → 탄소중립기본법 시행령 (Carbon Neutrality Framework Enforcement Decree)

UN
13%

ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
13%

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Guidelines → 원자력안전위원회·전략물자관리원 핵비확산 고시 (NSSC Nuclear Export Control Notice)

UN
13%

UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) → Korea's Traditional Community & Cultural Heritage Policies

UN
13%

IAEA GSR Part 4 (Safety Assessment) → 원자력안전법 시행령 (Nuclear Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
13%

ITU Radio Regulations (RR) → 방송통신위원회·국립전파연구원 전파설비 고시 (KCC Radio Equipment Notice)

UN
13%

IAEA GSR Part 3 (Radiation Protection) → 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전 고시 (NSSC Radiation Safety Notice)

UN
13%

CRPD Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) → Korea Adult Guardianship System (Civil Code)

UN
13%

IMO SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (ISPS Code) → 해사안전법 시행령 (Maritime Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
13%

AI Misinformation Laws

UN
10%

Green Taxonomy / K-Taxonomy Classification

UN
10%

AI Transparency & Generative AI Labeling

UN
10%

EU REACH / GHS → Korean K-REACH & Chemicals Control Act

UN
10%

UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC) → Korea Conflict-of-Interest Act

UN
10%

UN CRPD → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act

UN
10%

UN Global Plastics Treaty (INC) → Korea Plastic Reduction Policy

UN
10%

WIPO Marrakesh Treaty → Korea Copyright Act (accessible works)

UN
10%

UN Convention vs Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) → Korea

UN
10%

UNFCCC Just Transition → Korea Employment Policy Framework Act

UN
10%

UNFCCC Climate Finance (GCF/Standing Committee) → Korea Environmental Policy Framework Act

UN
10%

UNCLOS Part XII (Marine Environment Protection) → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

UN
10%

Rotterdam Convention (PIC Procedure) → Korea Chemical Registration & Assessment Act

UN
10%

Minamata Convention (Mercury-Added Products) → Korea Environmental Health Act

UN
10%

SAICM / Global Framework on Chemicals → Korea Consumer Chemical Products Safety Act

UN
10%

ILO/WHO Asbestos Convention → Korea Asbestos Safety Management Act

UN
10%

UN Energy Compacts → Korea New & Renewable Energy Act

UN
10%

UNFCCC Renewable Energy Workstream → Korea Electric Utility Act

UN
10%

UN Energy / Hydrogen Economy → Korea Hydrogen Economy Act

UN
10%

UNFCCC Energy Sector Mitigation → Korea Petroleum Business Act

UN
10%

UNCAC Article 33 (Protection of whistleblowers) → Korea Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act

UN
10%

UNCAC Chapter II (Preventive anti-corruption measures) → Korea Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (Kim Young-ran Act)

UN
10%

UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation → 한국 국제조세 협력 체계

UN
10%

IMO MARPOL Annex VI (EEDI/EEXI) → 해양환경관리법 시행령 (Marine Environment Enforcement Decree)

UN
10%

Semantically Related

Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.

Keywords
UNHCRRefugee Convention난민협약난민법Refugee Actnon-refoulement강제송환금지난민신청asylumrefugee status난민지위인도적체류humanitarian stay제주예멘난민Jeju Yemeni refugees
Score Guide
ConfidenceEditorial judgment, now shown as a confidence tier (A–D) based on semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence. Not proof of causation.
Echo StrengthMetadata completeness score. Rewards verified sources, paired links, explicit dates, keyword diversity, and origin tags.
Vocabulary OverlapHeuristic score measuring shared tokens between global and Korean texts. Reflects loanwords and repeated terms, not meaning across languages.
PATTERN #unhcr-refugee-convention-1