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Trade & Supply Chain

WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea Government Procurement System → 조달청

조달청 (Public Procurement Service), 기획재정부 (Ministry of Economy and Finance)

CSuggestive similarity
Evidence tier

Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.

Evidence Scorecard

Three lenses — wording, timing, documented link. Not a single proof score.

Suggestive similarity
Semantic
Strong semantic alignment
Temporal
Global precedent precedes Korea
Linkage
No recorded linkage
Multilingual semantic similarity
cosine similarity (method detail)0.813

Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.813); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.

Could also be…show
  • •Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
  • •Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
  • •A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.

Timeline of the echo

30 year lag
  1. Global

    1994

    WTO (World Trade Organization)

    wto.org

  2. then Korea
  3. Korea

    2024

    국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률

    law.go.kr

From date field: 1994 Korea GPA accession → 2002 KONEPS launch → 국가계약법 지속 개정 · 1994–2024

Interrogate the Evidence

Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.

Csuggestive similarity · 85%

  • SemanticStrong semantic alignment
  • TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
  • LinkageNo recorded linkage

Matched concepts: GPA ↔ GPA

Cross-lingual similarity 52/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.

Similarity type: WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea Government Procurement System | open government procurement market → 정부조달시장 개방

Caveat: semantic similarity only — this tier records a hypothesis, not proof of causal influence.

Matched Concepts

1 pairs
GPA
↓
GPA

Agenda Arc

Curated

Global purpose, Korean purpose, and precursor stages. Reasoning echo is discourse observation — not proof of coordination.

Global purpose

Open government procurement under the WTO GPA and run it through KONEPS under continuous National Contracts Act updates.

Korean purpose

대한민국은 「국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률」(국가계약법)과 「전자정부법」에 기반한 국가종합전자조달시스템(나라장터, KONEPS)을 통해 WTO GPA 의무를 이행한다. 2002년 세계 최초로 전자조달시스템을 구축했으며, GPA 기준액 이상의 모든 정부조달을 나라장터를 통해 공개경쟁입찰로 집행한다.

국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률 — 대한민국은 「국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률」(국가계약법)과 「전자정부법」에 기반한 국가종합전자조달시스템(나라장터, KONEPS)을 통해 WTO GPA 의무를 이행한다. 2002년 세계 최초로 전자조달시스템을 구축했으며, GPA 기준액 이상의 모든 정부조달을 나라장터를 통해 공개경쟁입찰로 집행한다.

Reasoning echo

Observed framing link: WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea Government Procurement System | open government procurement market → 정부조달시장 개방. Not a claim of coordination.

Started where

WTO Government Procurement Agreement

Started how

Korea GPA accession 1994 → KONEPS launch 2002 → National Contracts Act continuously revised.

  1. Soft lawKorea1994WTO
    WTO GPA + Korea accession

    Plurilateral rules opening covered government procurement.

    Primary source
  2. CapabilityGlobal2002–PPS
    KONEPS + National Contracts Act

    Electronic procurement portal and domestic contracts statute.

    Primary source
Original (Global)

The WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA①) requires parties to open their government procurement markets to foreign suppliers with transparent, non-discriminatory procedures.

Echo (Korea)

대한민국은 「국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률」과 국가종합전자조달시스템(나라장터, KONEPS)을 통해 WTO GPA① 의무를 이행한다.

Echo Strength

sourceVerified
hasKoreanSource
hasGlobalSource
hasDate
keywordDiversity
agendaTags

Influence Mechanism

policy learning
Origin
WTO (World Trade Organization)
Timeline

1994–2024

WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea Government Procurement System | open government procurement market → 정부조달시장 개방

Sources

🌍Global source
🇰🇷국가를 당사자로 하는 계약에 관한 법률

Related Patterns

WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea National Contracts Act & KONEPS

WTO
P(B|A) = 80%temporal
50%

WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement → Korea Customs Act Reform

WTO
P(B|A) = 60%category
40%

WTO SPS Agreement → Korea Food Sanitation Act

WTO
P(B|A) = 75%temporal
40%

WTO TBT Agreement → Korea Industrial Standards Act

WTO
P(B|A) = 75%temporal
40%

WTO SCM Agreement → Korea Subsidy Regulation Framework

WTO
P(B|A) = 75%temporal
40%

WTO TBT Agreement → 국가표준기본법 TBT 협정 이행

WTO
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

WTO SPS Agreement → 식품위생법 SPS 협정 이행

WTO
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

WTO Agreement on Agriculture → Korea Agricultural Tariff & Subsidy Reform

WTO
P(B|A) = 75%temporal
40%

Semantically Related

Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.

WTO Government Procurement Agreement → Korea National Contracts Act & KONEPS

Trade & Supply Chain

cos 0.94

EU-Korea FTA Chapter 9 (Government Procurement) → 국가계약법·조달사업법 (Procurement Chapter Implementation)

Trade & Supply Chain

cos 0.92

WTO TBT Agreement → Korea Industrial Standards Act

Trade & Supply Chain

cos 0.89

WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement → Korea Customs Act Reform

Trade & Supply Chain

cos 0.88

WTO TBT Agreement → 국가표준기본법 TBT 협정 이행

ESG & Disclosure

cos 0.87

WTO SPS Agreement → Korea Food Sanitation Act

Trade & Supply Chain

cos 0.87
Keywords
GPAgovernment procurementKONEPS나라장터정부조달협정국가계약법전자조달공개경쟁입찰조달청thresholdplurilateral
Score Guide
Confidence — Editorial A–D tier from semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.
Echo Strength — Metadata completeness score. Rewards verified sources, paired links, explicit dates, keyword diversity, and origin tags.
Vocabulary Overlap — Heuristic score measuring shared tokens between global and Korean texts. Reflects loanwords and repeated terms, not meaning across languages.
PATTERN #wto-gpa-2