EU REACH · GHS → Korean K-REACH & Chemicals Control Act
Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.
Evidence Scorecard
A single score cannot prove an echo. This card triangulates semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.
Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.827); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.
Aligned sentences
EU REACH (Regulation EC No.
K-REACH는 EU REACH를 모델로 연 1톤 이상 기존화학물질·신화학물질의 환경부 등록(제10조), 위해성 평가(제24조), 허가·제한 제도를 도입하였고, 화학물질관리법은 유해화학물질 취급시설의 장외영향평가(제23조)와 화학사고 대응 체계를 규정한다.
1907/2006), in force since June 2007, requires manufacturers and importers to register chemical substances above 1 tonne/year with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), and subjects substances of very high concern to evaluation, authorization, and restriction to protect human health and the environment.
K-REACH는 EU REACH를 모델로 연 1톤 이상 기존화학물질·신화학물질의 환경부 등록(제10조), 위해성 평가(제24조), 허가·제한 제도를 도입하였고, 화학물질관리법은 유해화학물질 취급시설의 장외영향평가(제23조)와 화학사고 대응 체계를 규정한다.
Could also be…
- •Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
- •Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
- •A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.
Interrogate the Evidence
Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.
Bprobable echo · 88%
- SemanticStrong semantic alignment
- TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
- LinkageOfficial Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)
Matched concepts: REACH ↔ 화학물질; registration ↔ 등록; chemical substances ↔ 유해성
Cross-lingual similarity 60/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.
Similarity type: regulatory emulation — first Asian REACH equivalent
Matched Concepts
3 pairsEU REACH① (Regulation EC No. 1907/2006), in force since June 2007, requires manufacturers and importers to register chemical substances③ above 1 tonne/year with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), and subjects substances of very high concern to evaluation, authorization, and restriction to protect human health and the environment. The UN Globally Harmonized System (GHS) provides the parallel international standard for classification and hazard labeling of chemical substances③ and mixtures, adopted worldwide through national legislation.
구미 불산 누출사고(2012년 9월)를 계기로 한국은 2013년 5월 화학물질①의 등록② 및 평가 등에 관한 법률(K-REACH, 법률 제11789호)과 2013년 6월 화학물질①관리법(법률 제11862호)을 제정하여 2015년 1월 1일 동시 시행하였다. K-REACH는 EU REACH를 모델로 연 1톤 이상 기존화학물질①·신화학물질①의 환경부 등록②(제10조), 위해성 평가(제24조), 허가·제한 제도를 도입하였고, 화학물질①관리법은 유해화학물질① 취급시설의 장외영향평가(제23조)와 화학사고 대응 체계를 규정한다. GHS는 산업안전보건법 제41조(현행 제104조)에 따라 2013년 7월 1일부터 고용노동부 주관으로 전면 시행되었으며, UN GHS 제4차 개정판은 고용노동부 고시 제2016-19호를 통해 2017년 4월부터 산업안전보건법 및 화학물질①관리법 제16조에 적용되고 있다.
Echo Strength
2007 EU REACH 발효 / 2013 UN GHS → 2013년 제정 · 2015년 시행 (화평법·화관법)
regulatory emulation — first Asian REACH equivalent
Regional DiffusionJP · TW · SG · CN
MixedChina 2010 leads; Korea 2015; Taiwan 2019; Japan parallel-older (1973 CSCL); Singapore non-adopter
Sources
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EU–Korea Framework Agreement → Political / Global Governance Cooperation
UN Civil Society Participation ↔ Korea Nonprofit Civil Society Registration
EU ETS → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS)
EU DAC6 Mandatory Disclosure Rules → Korea Tax Avoidance Reporting
EU GDPR Data Subject Rights → 개인정보보호법 시행령 (PIPA Enforcement Decree)
GDPR Art. 33–34 Breach Notification → 개인정보보호법·PIPC 고시 (PIPC Breach Notification Rules)
GDPR Chapter V Cross-Border Data Transfers → 개인정보보호법·PIPC 국외이전 고시 (PIPC Cross-Border Transfer Rules)
GDPR Art. 35 DPIA → 개인정보보호법·PIPC 영향평가 고시 (PIPC DPIA Guidance)
AI Misinformation Laws
UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC) → Korea Conflict-of-Interest Act
UN Global Plastics Treaty (INC) → Korea Plastic Reduction Policy
UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation → 한국 국제조세 협력 체계
OECD MNE Guidelines / RBC → Korea National Contact Point & Due Diligence
EU Platform Work Directive → Korea
Stockholm / Rotterdam Conventions → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Act
Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act
Stockholm Convention (PFAS Regulation) → Korea Chemical Substances Management Act
EU REACH Registration Thresholds → 화학물질등록평가법 시행령 (K-REACH Enforcement Decree)
UNEP APELL Programme → 환경부 화학사고 예방관리 고시 (ME Chemical Accident Prevention Notice)
ESG / Climate Disclosure
Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)
Judicial Independence Under Pressure
Gender Policy / Women's Rights Oscillation
EU Digital Markets Act → Korean Gatekeeper Debate
ILO Core Conventions → Korean Labor Law Reform
OECD PISA → Korean Education Reform Waves
EU Deforestation Regulation → Korea
EU Battery Regulation → Korea
OECD CARF → Korean Crypto Asset Taxation
ECEC Integration & OECD Early Childhood Policy
Automotive Cybersecurity (UN R155 / WP.29)
OECD BEPS 2.0 Pillar Two Global Minimum Tax
EU DSA/DMA & Korea Platform Fairness / Competition Act
OECD AI Principles & Korea AI Framework Act
OECD Common Reporting Standard → Korea AEOI / AXIS Tax Transparency
EU Cyber Resilience Act → Korea ICT Product Security
EU Net Zero Industry Act → Korea Carbon-Neutral Industrial Policy
EU AI Office & GPAI Governance → Korea National AI Committee
EU AI Liability Framework → Korean Product Liability & AI Act
UN 2030 Agenda / SDGs → K-SDGs & Sustainable Development Basic Act
EU PSD2 Open Banking → Korea MyData & Open Banking
EU WEEE / RoHS → Korea E-Waste Resource Circulation Act
EU MiFID II / IOSCO → Korea Financial Consumer Protection Act
UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea
CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality
Outer Space Treaty / UN COPUOS → Korea Space Development Act & KASA
UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Foreign Trade Act (strategic items)
OECD Digital Government Recommendation → Korea Digital Government Platform
OECD Pension Recommendations → Korea National Pension Reform
OECD Childcare Recommendations → Korea Childcare Act
OECD Long-Term Care Recommendations → Korea LTC Insurance
OECD PISA → Korea Education Reform
OECD Education 2030 → Korea Future Curriculum Reform
OECD PIAAC → Korea Adult Literacy & Skills Policy
OECD Starting Strong → Korea Early Childhood Education Reform
OECD AI Principles → Korea AI Strategy & Basic Act
EU GDPR (2016/679) → 개인정보보호법 GDPR 상응 체계
EU Digital Markets Act (DMA) → 전기통신사업법 게이트키퍼 지정 제도
EU Battery Regulation (2023/1542) → 전기용품안전법 EU Battery Regulation 대응
EU CSDDD (2024/1760) → 중대재해처벌법 공급망 적용 확대
EU GDPR → Korea Personal Information Protection Act Reform
EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act
EU AI Act → Korea AI Framework Act
EU Digital Services Act → Korea Platform Regulation Framework
OECD Digital Government Recommendation → Korea Data-Based Administration Act
EU Critical Raw Materials Act → Korea Critical Minerals Security Act
EU CSDDD → Korea Supply Chain Stabilization Act
UN Global Digital Compact → Korea Digital Bill of Rights
EU Battery Regulation → Korea Battery Industry Promotion Act
OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines → Korea Transfer Pricing Rules
OECD International VAT/GST Guidelines → Korea VAT System
OECD Tax Administration 3.0 → Korea Digital Tax Administration (Hometax)
OECD BEPS Action 5 (Harmful Tax Practices) → Korea Tax Incentive Reform
UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control
OECD Tax Morale Framework → Korea Tax Compliance & Voluntary Disclosure
OECD BEPS Action 6 (Treaty Abuse) → Korea Tax Treaty Anti-Abuse Rules
OECD Multilateral Instrument (MLI) → Korea Tax Treaty Network Reform
OECD BEPS Action 13 (CbCR) → Korea Country-by-Country Reporting
OECD BEPS Action 14 (MAP) → Korea Mutual Agreement Procedure
EU Circular Economy Waste Hierarchy → 자원순환기본법 시행령 (Resource Circulation Enforcement Decree)
IMO Ship Recycling Convention → Korea
CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act
Employment Insurance Expansion & OECD Flexicurity
CBD / Kunming-Montreal Framework → Korea Biodiversity Act
UNFCCC Paris NDC & Korea Carbon Neutrality Act
Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management
Rotterdam Convention (PIC Procedure) → Korea Chemical Registration & Assessment Act
Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments → Korea Circular Economy Act
CBD Nagoya Protocol on ABS → Korea Genetic Resources Access and Benefit-Sharing Act
CBD Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety → Korea LMO Transboundary Movement Act
Basel Convention (Waste Management Framework) → Korea Waste Management Act
Basel Convention E-Waste Technical Guidelines → Korea E-Waste Recycling Act
Stockholm Convention (POPs Regulation) → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act
ICAO Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act
Immigration Detention / GCR
Networked Global Governance Matrix
OECD Pillar One (Digital Tax) → Korea
Genome Editing & LMO Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)
ICAO Aviation Safety & Open Skies
KASA & Space Development Promotion Act
Platform Competition Promotion Act (DMA Oscillation)
Hydrogen Roadmap & IEA Clean Energy Transition
UNESCO Cultural Heritage & Intangible Heritage (Korea Heritage Service)
WHO Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Framework
UNESCO SDG4 & AI Digital Textbooks (Education)
UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation → Korea AI Basic Act
ILO Convention 190 (Violence & Harassment) → Korean Workplace Harassment Law
WHO Pandemic Agreement (WHA78) → Korea Infectious Disease Law
WHO Infodemic Management → Korea AI / Health Misinformation Rules
OECD Civic Space / FATF NPO Standards ↔ Korea Nonprofit & AML Oversight
OECD Long-Term Care Framework → Korea Long-Term Care Insurance
UN CRC → Korea Child Welfare & Child Abuse Punishment Acts
Hague Apostille Convention → Korea Document Authentication
Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act
ICAO SARPs (Chicago Convention) → Korea Aviation Safety Act
OECD CRS Automatic Exchange of Tax Info → Korea 국제조세조정법 §36
OECD/G20 Pillar Two Global Minimum Tax → Korea 국제조세조정법 글로벌최저한세
Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act
UNCITRAL Cross-Border Insolvency Model Law → Korea Debtor Rehabilitation Act
Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act
1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act (난민법)
UNFCCC Paris Agreement Article 6 (Carbon Markets) → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme
UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act
UNFCCC Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) → Korea National Climate Adaptation Plan
UNFCCC Technology Mechanism → Korea Environmental Technology & Industry Support Act
UNFCCC Gender Action Plan → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality
IMO Ballast Water Management Convention → Korea Marine Environment Management Act
IMO Polar Code (Ship Safety in Polar Waters) → Korea Maritime Safety Act
IMO MARPOL Convention → Korea Ship Safety Act
IMO Sulphur 2020 (Global Sulphur Cap) → Korea Eco-Friendly Ships Act
IMO Anti-Fouling Systems Convention → Korea Ship Navigation Act
ICAO Aircraft Noise Standards (Annex 16) → Korea Airport Noise Prevention Act
ICAO Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) → Korea Aviation Business Act
ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act
UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) → Korea Energy Act
IPCC WG3 (Climate Mitigation) → Korea Energy Use Rationalization Act
IPCC AR6 (Energy Systems Transition) → Korea Urban Gas Business Act
UN Cybercrime Treaty → Korea Cybercrime Investigation Framework
UNCITRAL CISG → Korea International Sale of Goods Act
UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration → Korea Arbitration Act
UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act
CRC Optional Protocol on Sale of Children → Korea Child Welfare Act & Act on Protection of Children and Youth against Sex Offenses
CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act
CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (Gender-based violence) → Korea Framework Act on Prevention of Violence Against Women
CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act
CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act
FATF Proliferation Financing → 대량살상무기확산자금조달금지법
UNDRR Sendai Framework → 재난안전관리기본법 (재난위험경감)
UNDRR Sendai Framework Monitor → 한국 재난통계 및 지표체계
UNDRR Early Warnings for All → 한국 조기경보시스템
UNDRR National Platform → 한국 국가재난안전포털
OECD Biotech Policy → Korea Biotechnology Promotion Act
UN Plastics Treaty → Korea Circular Economy Transition Act
IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards → Korea Nuclear Safety Act
IAEA Fusion Energy / ITER → Korea Nuclear Energy Promotion Act
IAEA Nuclear Energy / Peaceful Uses → Korea Power Development Promotion Act
UNODC/UNTOC Protocol on Human Trafficking → Korea Criminal Act & Act on Prevention of Human Trafficking
UNFCCC Paris Agreement NDC → 탄소중립기본법 시행령 (Carbon Neutrality Framework Enforcement Decree)
ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)
EU-Korea FTA Chapter 9 (Government Procurement) → 국가계약법·조달사업법 (Procurement Chapter Implementation)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Guidelines → 원자력안전위원회·전략물자관리원 핵비확산 고시 (NSSC Nuclear Export Control Notice)
OECD Regulatory Policy Framework → 한국 행정규제기본법 (Regulatory Reform System)
UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) → Korea's Traditional Community & Cultural Heritage Policies
IAEA GSR Part 4 (Safety Assessment) → 원자력안전법 시행령 (Nuclear Safety Enforcement Decree)
DEPA (Digital Economy Partnership Agreement) → 데이터기반행정법·전자문서법 (DEPA Accession Alignment)
ITU Radio Regulations (RR) → 방송통신위원회·국립전파연구원 전파설비 고시 (KCC Radio Equipment Notice)
IAEA GSR Part 3 (Radiation Protection) → 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전 고시 (NSSC Radiation Safety Notice)
CRPD Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) → Korea Adult Guardianship System (Civil Code)
IMO SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (ISPS Code) → 해사안전법 시행령 (Maritime Safety Enforcement Decree)
Semantically Related
Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.
EU REACH Registration Thresholds → 화학물질등록평가법 시행령 (K-REACH Enforcement Decree)
Environment
Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management
Environment
EU WEEE / RoHS → Korea E-Waste Resource Circulation Act
Other
WHO Air Quality Guidelines → Korea PM2.5 Standards & Fine Dust Act
Health & Bio
Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act
Other
EU Critical Raw Materials Act → Korea Critical Minerals Security Act
Trade & Supply Chain