CAT Article 4 → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act → Ministry of Justice
법무부 (Ministry of Justice), 국가인권위원회 (National Human Rights Commission of Korea)
Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.
Evidence Scorecard
A single score cannot prove an echo. This card triangulates semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.
Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.765); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.
Could also be…
- •Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
- •Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
- •A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.
Interrogate the Evidence
Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.
Bprobable echo · 82%
- SemanticStrong semantic alignment
- TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
- LinkageOfficial Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)
Matched concepts: torture as criminal offence (Article 4.1) ↔ 폭행·가혹행위죄 (형법 제125조); appropriate penalties (Article 4.2) ↔ 공무원 직권남용 가중처벌 (형법 제135조); prohibition of cruel treatment (Article 16) ↔ 수용자 인권존중 및 차별금지 (형집행법 제4조, 제5조)
Cross-lingual similarity 22/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.
Similarity type: CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act | torture as criminal offence (Article 4.1) → 폭행·가혹행위죄 (형법 제125조)
Matched Concepts
3 pairsCAT Article 4 requires each State Party to ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law, including attempts, complicity, and participation, punishable by appropriate penalties reflecting their grave nature.
대한민국은 형법 제125조(폭행·가혹행위) 및 제273조(학대)를 통해 공무원의 직권남용에 의한 폭행·가혹행위를 처벌하고, 형의 집행 및 수용자의 처우에 관한 법률(2007년 제정)에서 수용자의 인권 존중과 차별금지를 명시하고 있다. 2007년 형집행법 제정은 CAT 가입 이후 수용자 처우의 국제적 기준을 반영한 것이다.
Echo Strength
Influence Mechanism
1995–2025
CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act | torture as criminal offence (Article 4.1) → 폭행·가혹행위죄 (형법 제125조)
Sources
Related Patterns
UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea
CAT Universal Jurisdiction for Torture → Korea Criminal Act Extraterritorial Application
OPCAT National Preventive Mechanism → Korea NPM Designation
CAT Right to Rehabilitation → Korea Torture Victims Support System
ESG / Climate Disclosure
Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)
Judicial Independence Under Pressure
Gender Policy / Women's Rights Oscillation
ILO Core Conventions → Korean Labor Law Reform
Automotive Cybersecurity (UN R155 / WP.29)
UN 2030 Agenda / SDGs → K-SDGs & Sustainable Development Basic Act
Stockholm / Rotterdam Conventions → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Act
Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act
CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality
Outer Space Treaty / UN COPUOS → Korea Space Development Act & KASA
UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Foreign Trade Act (strategic items)
UN Global Digital Compact → Korea Digital Bill of Rights
UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control
UNODC/UNTOC Protocol on Human Trafficking → Korea Criminal Act & Act on Prevention of Human Trafficking
Deepfake Regulation (2024-2025)
Supply Chain Due Diligence (CSDDD)
1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act (난민법)
CRPD Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) → Korea Adult Guardianship System (Civil Code)
CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act
CRC Optional Protocol on Sale of Children → Korea Child Welfare Act & Act on Protection of Children and Youth against Sex Offenses
Immigration Detention / GCR
ESG Disclosure & Green Finance (Banks)
Networked Global Governance Matrix
Korea AI Framework Act (2026)
EU CBAM & Korea Response (2026)
ESG Disclosure Mandate (ISSB-aligned)
Nuclear Energy Policy Oscillation
Media Consolidation / Press Freedom
Platform Content Moderation (Network Act)
Genome Editing & LMO Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)
IMO Ship Recycling Convention → Korea
ICAO Aviation Safety & Open Skies
KASA & Space Development Promotion Act
Hydrogen Roadmap & IEA Clean Energy Transition
UNESCO Cultural Heritage & Intangible Heritage (Korea Heritage Service)
WHO Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Framework
UNESCO SDG4 & AI Digital Textbooks (Education)
UNFCCC Paris NDC & Korea Carbon Neutrality Act
UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation → Korea AI Basic Act
ILO Convention 190 (Violence & Harassment) → Korean Workplace Harassment Law
WHO Pandemic Agreement (WHA78) → Korea Infectious Disease Law
EU–Korea Framework Agreement → Political / Global Governance Cooperation
UN Civil Society Participation ↔ Korea Nonprofit Civil Society Registration
CBD / Kunming-Montreal Framework → Korea Biodiversity Act
EU ETS → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS)
UN CRC → Korea Child Welfare & Child Abuse Punishment Acts
CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act
Hague Apostille Convention → Korea Document Authentication
Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act
ICAO SARPs (Chicago Convention) → Korea Aviation Safety Act
Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management
Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act
UNCITRAL Cross-Border Insolvency Model Law → Korea Debtor Rehabilitation Act
Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act
UNFCCC Paris Agreement Article 6 (Carbon Markets) → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme
UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act
UNFCCC Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) → Korea National Climate Adaptation Plan
UNFCCC Technology Mechanism → Korea Environmental Technology & Industry Support Act
UNFCCC Gender Action Plan → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality
CBD Nagoya Protocol on ABS → Korea Genetic Resources Access and Benefit-Sharing Act
CBD Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety → Korea LMO Transboundary Movement Act
Basel Convention (Waste Management Framework) → Korea Waste Management Act
Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments → Korea Circular Economy Act
Basel Convention E-Waste Technical Guidelines → Korea E-Waste Recycling Act
Stockholm Convention (POPs Regulation) → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act
Stockholm Convention (PFAS Regulation) → Korea Chemical Substances Management Act
IMO Ballast Water Management Convention → Korea Marine Environment Management Act
IMO Polar Code (Ship Safety in Polar Waters) → Korea Maritime Safety Act
IMO MARPOL Convention → Korea Ship Safety Act
IMO Sulphur 2020 (Global Sulphur Cap) → Korea Eco-Friendly Ships Act
IMO Anti-Fouling Systems Convention → Korea Ship Navigation Act
ICAO Aircraft Noise Standards (Annex 16) → Korea Airport Noise Prevention Act
ICAO Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) → Korea Aviation Business Act
ICAO Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act
ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act
UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) → Korea Energy Act
IPCC WG3 (Climate Mitigation) → Korea Energy Use Rationalization Act
IPCC AR6 (Energy Systems Transition) → Korea Urban Gas Business Act
UN Cybercrime Treaty → Korea Cybercrime Investigation Framework
UNCITRAL CISG → Korea International Sale of Goods Act
UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration → Korea Arbitration Act
UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act
CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (Gender-based violence) → Korea Framework Act on Prevention of Violence Against Women
CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act
FATF Proliferation Financing → 대량살상무기확산자금조달금지법
UNDRR Sendai Framework → 재난안전관리기본법 (재난위험경감)
UNDRR Sendai Framework Monitor → 한국 재난통계 및 지표체계
UNDRR Early Warnings for All → 한국 조기경보시스템
UNDRR National Platform → 한국 국가재난안전포털
IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards → Korea Nuclear Safety Act
IAEA Fusion Energy / ITER → Korea Nuclear Energy Promotion Act
IAEA Nuclear Energy / Peaceful Uses → Korea Power Development Promotion Act
UNFCCC Paris Agreement NDC → 탄소중립기본법 시행령 (Carbon Neutrality Framework Enforcement Decree)
ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Guidelines → 원자력안전위원회·전략물자관리원 핵비확산 고시 (NSSC Nuclear Export Control Notice)
UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) → Korea's Traditional Community & Cultural Heritage Policies
IAEA GSR Part 4 (Safety Assessment) → 원자력안전법 시행령 (Nuclear Safety Enforcement Decree)
ITU Radio Regulations (RR) → 방송통신위원회·국립전파연구원 전파설비 고시 (KCC Radio Equipment Notice)
IAEA GSR Part 3 (Radiation Protection) → 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전 고시 (NSSC Radiation Safety Notice)
IMO SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (ISPS Code) → 해사안전법 시행령 (Maritime Safety Enforcement Decree)
UN CRPD → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act
AI Misinformation Laws
Green Taxonomy / K-Taxonomy Classification
AI Transparency & Generative AI Labeling
EU REACH / GHS → Korean K-REACH & Chemicals Control Act
UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC) → Korea Conflict-of-Interest Act
UN Global Plastics Treaty (INC) → Korea Plastic Reduction Policy
WIPO Marrakesh Treaty → Korea Copyright Act (accessible works)
UN Convention vs Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) → Korea
UNFCCC Just Transition → Korea Employment Policy Framework Act
UNFCCC Climate Finance (GCF/Standing Committee) → Korea Environmental Policy Framework Act
UNCLOS Part XII (Marine Environment Protection) → Korea Marine Environment Management Act
Rotterdam Convention (PIC Procedure) → Korea Chemical Registration & Assessment Act
Minamata Convention (Mercury-Added Products) → Korea Environmental Health Act
SAICM / Global Framework on Chemicals → Korea Consumer Chemical Products Safety Act
ILO/WHO Asbestos Convention → Korea Asbestos Safety Management Act
UN Energy Compacts → Korea New & Renewable Energy Act
UNFCCC Renewable Energy Workstream → Korea Electric Utility Act
UN Energy / Hydrogen Economy → Korea Hydrogen Economy Act
UNFCCC Energy Sector Mitigation → Korea Petroleum Business Act
UNCAC Article 33 (Protection of whistleblowers) → Korea Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act
UNCAC Chapter II (Preventive anti-corruption measures) → Korea Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (Kim Young-ran Act)
UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation → 한국 국제조세 협력 체계
IMO MARPOL Annex VI (EEDI/EEXI) → 해양환경관리법 시행령 (Marine Environment Enforcement Decree)
Semantically Related
Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.
UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea
Rights & Anti-corruption
CAT Universal Jurisdiction for Torture → Korea Criminal Act Extraterritorial Application
Rights & Anti-corruption
CAT Right to Rehabilitation → Korea Torture Victims Support System
Rights & Anti-corruption
CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act
Rights & Anti-corruption
OECD Anti-Bribery Convention → Korea Foreign Bribery Act & Enforcement Gap
Rights & Anti-corruption
CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act
Rights & Anti-corruption