Other✓ verified

ICAO SARPs → Korea Aviation Safety Act

BProbable echo

Evidence tier

Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.

Evidence Scorecard

A single score cannot prove an echo. This card triangulates semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.

Probable echo

Semantic

Strong semantic alignment

Temporal

Global precedent precedes Korea

Linkage

Official Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)

Tier B — Probable echo — agency/committee linkage + global-first timing + semantic signal

Multilingual semantic similarity

cosine similarity (method detail)0.816

Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.816); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.

Aligned sentences

On 25 February 2013 the ICAO Council adopted Annex 19 (Safety Management), applicable 14 November 2013 — the first new Annex since 1981 — consolidating safety-management SARPs into a single Annex that requires each State to establish a State Safety Programme (SSP) and obligates service providers (airlines, maintenance organizations, aerodromes, air navigation service providers) to implement a Safety Management System (SMS).

aligned

제58조(국가 항공안전프로그램 등)는 국토교통부장관이 항공안전 목표·달성방법을 정한 국가항공안전프로그램(SSP)을 수립·고시하도록 하고, 항공운송사업자·항공기정비업자·공항운영자·항행서비스제공자 등에게 항공안전관리시스템(SMS)을 마련하여 국토교통부장관의 승인을 받아 운용하도록 규정함으로써 ICAO 부속서 19의 SSP·SMS 체계를 직접 이행한다.

Could also be…

•Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
•Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
•A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.

Interrogate the Evidence

Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.

Bprobable echo · 82%

SemanticStrong semantic alignment
TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
LinkageOfficial Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)

Matched concepts: Standards and Recommended Practices ↔ 국제민간항공; aviation safety ↔ 항공안전; Chicago Convention ↔ 협약

Cross-lingual similarity 54/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.

Similarity type: treaty SARPs adoption → statutory transposition (SSP/SMS implementation)

Matched Concepts

3 pairs

GlobalKorean Echo

Standards and Recommended Practices

↓→

국제민간항공

aviation safety

↓→

항공안전

Chicago Convention

↓→

협약

Original (Global)

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) sets binding Standards and Recommended Practices^① (SARPs) in the Technical Annexes to the 1944 Chicago Convention^③, governing aviation safety^② areas such as personnel licensing, airworthiness, operation of aircraft, aerodromes, and accident investigation. On 25 February 2013 the ICAO Council adopted Annex 19 (Safety Management), applicable 14 November 2013 — the first new Annex since 1981 — consolidating safety-management SARPs into a single Annex that requires each State to establish a State Safety Programme (SSP) and obligates service providers (airlines, maintenance organizations, aerodromes, air navigation service providers) to implement a Safety Management System (SMS). Annex 19 Amendment 1 was adopted on 2 March 2016 and became applicable on 7 November 2019, completing the enhanced safety-management provisions.

Echo (Korea)

대한민국은 「국제민간항공^①협약^③」 및 부속서의 SARPs를 국내법으로 수용하기 위해 기존 「항공법」을 분법하여 「항공안전^②법」(법률 제14116호, 2016. 3. 29. 제정, 2017. 3. 30. 시행)을 제정하였다. 제1조(목적)는 "이 법은 「국제민간항공^①협약^③」 및 같은 협약^③의 부속서에서 채택된 표준과 권고되는 방식에 따라 항공기, 경량항공기 또는 초경량비행장치의 안전하고 효율적인 항행을 위한 방법과 국가, 항공사업자 및 항공종사자 등의 의무 등에 관한 사항을 규정함을 목적으로 한다"라고 명시한다. 제58조(국가 항공안전^②프로그램 등)는 국토교통부장관이 항공안전^② 목표·달성방법을 정한 국가항공안전^②프로그램(SSP)을 수립·고시하도록 하고, 항공운송사업자·항공기정비업자·공항운영자·항행서비스제공자 등에게 항공안전^②관리시스템(SMS)을 마련하여 국토교통부장관의 승인을 받아 운용하도록 규정함으로써 ICAO 부속서 19의 SSP·SMS 체계를 직접 이행한다. 소관 부처는 국토교통부이다.

Echo Strength

sourceVerified

hasKoreanSource

hasGlobalSource

hasDate

keywordDiversity

agendaTags

Origin

ICAOUN

Timeline

2013 ICAO Annex 19 (Safety Management) adopted → 2016 Annex 19 Amendment 1 / Korea 항공안전법 enacted (법률 제14116호) → 2017-03-30 항공안전법 effective → 2019 Annex 19 Amendment 1 applicable

treaty SARPs adoption → statutory transposition (SSP/SMS implementation)

Sources

🌍icao.int archived

🇰🇷국가법령정보센터 · 항공안전법 (법률 제14116호)

Related Patterns

ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)

ICAOUN

P(B|A) = 81%temporal

52%

ICAO Aircraft Noise Standards (Annex 16) → Korea Airport Noise Prevention Act

ICAOUN

P(B|A) = 36%agenda

43%

ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act

ICAOUN

P(B|A) = 61%category

43%

ICAO Aviation Safety & Open Skies

UNICAO

P(B|A) = 61%category

42%

ICAO Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) → Korea Aviation Business Act

ICAOUN

P(B|A) = 36%agenda

42%

ICAO Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

ICAOUN

P(B|A) = 36%agenda

42%

ICAO CORSIA & Aviation Carbon Offsetting

ICAO

22%

Automotive Cybersecurity (UN R155 / WP.29)

P(B|A) = 46%category

21%

ESG / Climate Disclosure

20%

Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)

P(B|A) = 45%category

20%

Judicial Independence Under Pressure

P(B|A) = 55%category

20%

Gender Policy / Women's Rights Oscillation

20%

ILO Core Conventions → Korean Labor Law Reform

20%

UN 2030 Agenda / SDGs → K-SDGs & Sustainable Development Basic Act

P(B|A) = 35%agenda

20%

Stockholm / Rotterdam Conventions → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Act

20%

Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act

20%

UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea

20%

CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

20%

Outer Space Treaty / UN COPUOS → Korea Space Development Act & KASA

20%

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Foreign Trade Act (strategic items)

P(B|A) = 35%agenda

20%

ICAO CORSIA → 항공안전법 CORSIA 의무 참여

ICAO

P(B|A) = 45%category

20%

UN Global Digital Compact → Korea Digital Bill of Rights

20%

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control

P(B|A) = 35%agenda

20%

Immigration Detention / GCR

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

ESG Disclosure & Green Finance (Banks)

13%

Networked Global Governance Matrix

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

Korea AI Framework Act (2026)

13%

EU CBAM & Korea Response (2026)

13%

ESG Disclosure Mandate (ISSB-aligned)

13%

Deepfake Regulation (2024-2025)

13%

Nuclear Energy Policy Oscillation

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

Media Consolidation / Press Freedom

P(B|A) = 50%category

13%

Platform Content Moderation (Network Act)

13%

Supply Chain Due Diligence (CSDDD)

13%

Genome Editing & LMO Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

IMO Ship Recycling Convention → Korea

13%

KASA & Space Development Promotion Act

13%

Hydrogen Roadmap & IEA Clean Energy Transition

13%

UNESCO Cultural Heritage & Intangible Heritage (Korea Heritage Service)

13%

WHO Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Framework

13%

UNESCO SDG4 & AI Digital Textbooks (Education)

13%

UNFCCC Paris NDC & Korea Carbon Neutrality Act

13%

UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation → Korea AI Basic Act

13%

ILO Convention 190 (Violence & Harassment) → Korean Workplace Harassment Law

13%

WHO Pandemic Agreement (WHA78) → Korea Infectious Disease Law

13%

EU–Korea Framework Agreement → Political / Global Governance Cooperation

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

UN Civil Society Participation ↔ Korea Nonprofit Civil Society Registration

13%

CBD / Kunming-Montreal Framework → Korea Biodiversity Act

13%

EU ETS → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS)

13%

UN CRC → Korea Child Welfare & Child Abuse Punishment Acts

13%

CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act

13%

Hague Apostille Convention → Korea Document Authentication

P(B|A) = 40%category

13%

Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act

13%

Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act

P(B|A) = 55%temporal

13%

UNCITRAL Cross-Border Insolvency Model Law → Korea Debtor Rehabilitation Act

P(B|A) = 40%category

13%

Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act

13%

1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act (난민법)

13%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement Article 6 (Carbon Markets) → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNFCCC Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) → Korea National Climate Adaptation Plan

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNFCCC Technology Mechanism → Korea Environmental Technology & Industry Support Act

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

UNFCCC Gender Action Plan → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

CBD Nagoya Protocol on ABS → Korea Genetic Resources Access and Benefit-Sharing Act

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

CBD Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety → Korea LMO Transboundary Movement Act

13%

Basel Convention (Waste Management Framework) → Korea Waste Management Act

13%

Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments → Korea Circular Economy Act

13%

Basel Convention E-Waste Technical Guidelines → Korea E-Waste Recycling Act

13%

Stockholm Convention (POPs Regulation) → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act

13%

Stockholm Convention (PFAS Regulation) → Korea Chemical Substances Management Act

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

IMO Ballast Water Management Convention → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

13%

IMO Polar Code (Ship Safety in Polar Waters) → Korea Maritime Safety Act

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

IMO MARPOL Convention → Korea Ship Safety Act

13%

IMO Sulphur 2020 (Global Sulphur Cap) → Korea Eco-Friendly Ships Act

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

IMO Anti-Fouling Systems Convention → Korea Ship Navigation Act

13%

UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) → Korea Energy Act

13%

IPCC WG3 (Climate Mitigation) → Korea Energy Use Rationalization Act

13%

IPCC AR6 (Energy Systems Transition) → Korea Urban Gas Business Act

13%

UN Cybercrime Treaty → Korea Cybercrime Investigation Framework

13%

UNCITRAL CISG → Korea International Sale of Goods Act

13%

UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration → Korea Arbitration Act

13%

UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act

13%

CRC Optional Protocol on Sale of Children → Korea Child Welfare Act & Act on Protection of Children and Youth against Sex Offenses

13%

CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act

13%

CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (Gender-based violence) → Korea Framework Act on Prevention of Violence Against Women

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act

13%

CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

FATF Proliferation Financing → 대량살상무기확산자금조달금지법

13%

UNDRR Sendai Framework → 재난안전관리기본법 (재난위험경감)

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNDRR Sendai Framework Monitor → 한국 재난통계 및 지표체계

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNDRR Early Warnings for All → 한국 조기경보시스템

13%

UNDRR National Platform → 한국 국가재난안전포털

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards → Korea Nuclear Safety Act

13%

IAEA Fusion Energy / ITER → Korea Nuclear Energy Promotion Act

13%

IAEA Nuclear Energy / Peaceful Uses → Korea Power Development Promotion Act

13%

UNODC/UNTOC Protocol on Human Trafficking → Korea Criminal Act & Act on Prevention of Human Trafficking

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement NDC → 탄소중립기본법 시행령 (Carbon Neutrality Framework Enforcement Decree)

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Guidelines → 원자력안전위원회·전략물자관리원 핵비확산 고시 (NSSC Nuclear Export Control Notice)

13%

UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) → Korea's Traditional Community & Cultural Heritage Policies

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

IAEA GSR Part 4 (Safety Assessment) → 원자력안전법 시행령 (Nuclear Safety Enforcement Decree)

P(B|A) = 25%agenda

13%

ITU Radio Regulations (RR) → 방송통신위원회·국립전파연구원 전파설비 고시 (KCC Radio Equipment Notice)

P(B|A) = 40%category

13%

IAEA GSR Part 3 (Radiation Protection) → 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전 고시 (NSSC Radiation Safety Notice)

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

CRPD Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) → Korea Adult Guardianship System (Civil Code)

P(B|A) = 30%agenda

13%

IMO SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (ISPS Code) → 해사안전법 시행령 (Maritime Safety Enforcement Decree)

P(B|A) = 40%category

13%

AI Misinformation Laws

10%

Green Taxonomy / K-Taxonomy Classification

10%

AI Transparency & Generative AI Labeling

10%

EU REACH / GHS → Korean K-REACH & Chemicals Control Act

10%

UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC) → Korea Conflict-of-Interest Act

10%

UN CRPD → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act

10%

UN Global Plastics Treaty (INC) → Korea Plastic Reduction Policy

10%

WIPO Marrakesh Treaty → Korea Copyright Act (accessible works)

P(B|A) = 28%agenda

10%

UN Convention vs Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) → Korea

10%

UNFCCC Just Transition → Korea Employment Policy Framework Act

10%

UNFCCC Climate Finance (GCF/Standing Committee) → Korea Environmental Policy Framework Act

10%

UNCLOS Part XII (Marine Environment Protection) → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

10%

Rotterdam Convention (PIC Procedure) → Korea Chemical Registration & Assessment Act

10%

Minamata Convention (Mercury-Added Products) → Korea Environmental Health Act

10%

SAICM / Global Framework on Chemicals → Korea Consumer Chemical Products Safety Act

10%

ILO/WHO Asbestos Convention → Korea Asbestos Safety Management Act

10%

UN Energy Compacts → Korea New & Renewable Energy Act

10%

UNFCCC Renewable Energy Workstream → Korea Electric Utility Act

10%

UN Energy / Hydrogen Economy → Korea Hydrogen Economy Act

10%

UNFCCC Energy Sector Mitigation → Korea Petroleum Business Act

P(B|A) = 28%agenda

10%

UNCAC Article 33 (Protection of whistleblowers) → Korea Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act

P(B|A) = 28%agenda

10%

UNCAC Chapter II (Preventive anti-corruption measures) → Korea Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (Kim Young-ran Act)

P(B|A) = 28%agenda

10%

UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation → 한국 국제조세 협력 체계

10%

IMO MARPOL Annex VI (EEDI/EEXI) → 해양환경관리법 시행령 (Marine Environment Enforcement Decree)

P(B|A) = 28%agenda

10%

Semantically Related

Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.

ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)

Other

cos 0.92

ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act

Other

cos 0.91

ICAO CORSIA → 항공안전법 CORSIA 의무 참여

Other

cos 0.89

IAIS Insurance Core Principles / ICS → Korea Insurance Act & K-ICS

Other

cos 0.89

Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act

Rights & Anti-corruption

cos 0.89

OECD MNE Guidelines / RBC → Korea National Contact Point & Due Diligence

Labor & Work

cos 0.88

Keywords

ICAOChicago ConventionAnnex 19Safety ManagementSARPsStandards and Recommended PracticesState Safety ProgrammeSafety Management System항공안전법국제민간항공협약시카고협약부속서 19국가항공안전프로그램항공안전관리시스템표준과 권고되는 방식국토교통부법률 제14116호aviation safety oversightSSPSMS

Score Guide

Confidence — Editorial judgment, now shown as a confidence tier (A–D) based on semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence. Not proof of causation.

Echo Strength — Metadata completeness score. Rewards verified sources, paired links, explicit dates, keyword diversity, and origin tags.

Vocabulary Overlap — Heuristic score measuring shared tokens between global and Korean texts. Reflects loanwords and repeated terms, not meaning across languages.