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Security & Arms✓ verified

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Foreign Trade Act

BProbable echo
Evidence tier

Echo patterns are similarity-based hypotheses, not proof of causation. Open the sources and evaluate the linkage yourself.

Evidence Scorecard

A single score cannot prove an echo. This card triangulates semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence.

Probable echo
Semantic
Strong semantic alignment
Temporal
Global precedent precedes Korea
Linkage
Official Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)
Tier B — Probable echo — agency/committee linkage + global-first timing + semantic signal
Multilingual semantic similarity
cosine similarity (method detail)0.816

Computed with intfloat/multilingual-e5-small multilingual embeddings. Display score is a calibrated mapping of the raw cross-lingual cosine (0.816); higher means closer meaning. Reflects semantic similarity, not proof of causation.

Aligned sentences

The UN Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 2 April 2013 (resolution 67/234B), opened for signature on 3 June 2013, and entered into force on 24 December 2014.

aligned

국가법령정보센터·찾기쉬운 생활법령정보는 전략물자 지정 근거가 되는 국제수출통제체제로 바세나르체제(WA), 핵공급국그룹(NSG), 미사일기술통제체제(MTCR), 오스트레일리아그룹(AG), 화학무기협약(CWC), 생물무기협약(BWC)과 함께 무기거래조약(ATT)을 명시합니다.

It establishes common international standards regulating the international trade in conventional arms, requiring each State Party to maintain a national control system, prohibit transfers that would violate UN arms embargoes or be used for genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes (Article 6), and conduct an export risk assessment before authorizing any export (Article 7).

aligned

국가법령정보센터·찾기쉬운 생활법령정보는 전략물자 지정 근거가 되는 국제수출통제체제로 바세나르체제(WA), 핵공급국그룹(NSG), 미사일기술통제체제(MTCR), 오스트레일리아그룹(AG), 화학무기협약(CWC), 생물무기협약(BWC)과 함께 무기거래조약(ATT)을 명시합니다.

Could also be…

  • •Parallel domestic policy development is possible.
  • •Industry or market pressure may have driven similar language.
  • •A common external shock (e.g., financial crisis, pandemic) could explain parallel adoption.

Interrogate the Evidence

Answers are rendered directly from this record’s own curated fields — nothing is generated.

Bprobable echo · 84%

  • SemanticStrong semantic alignment
  • TemporalGlobal precedent precedes Korea
  • LinkageOfficial Korean agency source + concept alignment (no explicit citation recorded)

Matched concepts: Arms Trade Treaty ↔ 대외무역법; conventional arms ↔ 전략물자; export ↔ 수출허가

Cross-lingual similarity 54/100 (multilingual e5 embedding) — a computed signal, not proof.

Similarity type: treaty ratification → statutory transposition via existing export-control regime

Matched Concepts

3 pairs
Arms Trade Treaty
↓
대외무역법
conventional arms
↓
전략물자
export
↓
수출허가
Original (Global)

The UN Arms Trade Treaty① (ATT) was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 2 April 2013 (resolution 67/234B), opened for signature on 3 June 2013, and entered into force on 24 December 2014. It establishes common international standards regulating the international trade in conventional arms②, requiring each State Party to maintain a national control system, prohibit transfers that would violate UN arms embargoes or be used for genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes (Article 6), and conduct an export③ risk assessment before authorizing any export③ (Article 7). The Republic of Korea signed on 3 June 2013, ratified on 28 November 2016, and the Treaty entered into force for Korea on 26 February 2017.

Echo (Korea)

대한민국은 무기거래조약(ATT) 당사국으로서 「대외무역법①」(법률 제16422호, 2019. 4. 30. 일부개정)의 전략물자② 수출통제 제도를 통해 조약 의무를 이행합니다. 「대외무역법①」 제19조부터 제19조의7까지는 산업통상자원부장관이 관계 행정기관의 장과 협의하여 국제수출통제체제의 원칙에 따라 국제평화·안전유지와 국가안보를 위해 수출허가③ 등 제한이 필요한 물품(전략물자②)을 지정·고시하고(제19조 제1항), 전략물자②를 수출하려는 자는 산업통상자원부장관이나 관계 행정기관의 장의 수출허가③를 받도록(제19조 제2항) 규정합니다. 국가법령정보센터·찾기쉬운 생활법령정보는 전략물자② 지정 근거가 되는 국제수출통제체제로 바세나르체제(WA), 핵공급국그룹(NSG), 미사일기술통제체제(MTCR), 오스트레일리아그룹(AG), 화학무기협약(CWC), 생물무기협약(BWC)과 함께 무기거래조약(ATT)을 명시합니다. 수출허가③ 없이 전략물자②를 수출한 자는 「대외무역법①」 제53조에 따라 형사처벌됩니다. 소관 부처는 산업통상자원부(전략물자②관리원 운영)입니다.

Echo Strength

sourceVerified
hasKoreanSource
hasGlobalSource
hasDate
keywordDiversity
agendaTags
Origin
UN
Timeline

2013 ATT adopted/opened for signature → 2016 Korean ratification (28 Nov) → 2017 entry into force for Korea (26 Feb); 대외무역법 제19조 strategic-items regime

treaty ratification → statutory transposition via existing export-control regime

Sources

🌍treaties.un.org
🇰🇷국가법령정보센터 · 대외무역법

Related Patterns

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control

UN
P(B|A) = 78%temporal
47%

ESG / Climate Disclosure

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Soft Power & Cultural Export (K-content)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Judicial Independence Under Pressure

UN
P(B|A) = 45%agenda
40%

Gender Policy / Women's Rights Oscillation

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

ILO Core Conventions → Korean Labor Law Reform

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Automotive Cybersecurity (UN R155 / WP.29)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

UN 2030 Agenda / SDGs → K-SDGs & Sustainable Development Basic Act

UN
P(B|A) = 50%agenda
40%

Stockholm / Rotterdam Conventions → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

UN Convention Against Torture (CAT/OPCAT) → Korea

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

CEDAW → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Outer Space Treaty / UN COPUOS → Korea Space Development Act & KASA

UN
P(B|A) = 60%category
40%

UN Global Digital Compact → Korea Digital Bill of Rights

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
40%

Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) Guidelines → 원자력안전위원회·전략물자관리원 핵비확산 고시 (NSSC Nuclear Export Control Notice)

UN
P(B|A) = 47%category
24%

EU CBAM & Korea Response (2026)

UN
21%

Supply Chain Due Diligence (CSDDD)

UN
21%

Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act

UN
P(B|A) = 46%category
21%

UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) → Korea Energy Act

UN
21%

IPCC WG3 (Climate Mitigation) → Korea Energy Use Rationalization Act

UN
21%

IPCC AR6 (Energy Systems Transition) → Korea Urban Gas Business Act

UN
21%

IAEA Nuclear Energy / Peaceful Uses → Korea Power Development Promotion Act

UN
21%

Immigration Detention / GCR

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

ESG Disclosure & Green Finance (Banks)

UN
20%

Networked Global Governance Matrix

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

Korea AI Framework Act (2026)

UN
20%

ESG Disclosure Mandate (ISSB-aligned)

UN
20%

Deepfake Regulation (2024-2025)

UN
20%

Nuclear Energy Policy Oscillation

UN
P(B|A) = 55%category
20%

Media Consolidation / Press Freedom

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

Platform Content Moderation (Network Act)

UN
20%

Genome Editing & LMO Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

IMO Ship Recycling Convention → Korea

UN
20%

ICAO Aviation Safety & Open Skies

UN
20%

KASA & Space Development Promotion Act

UN
P(B|A) = 45%category
20%

Hydrogen Roadmap & IEA Clean Energy Transition

UN
20%

UNESCO Cultural Heritage & Intangible Heritage (Korea Heritage Service)

UN
20%

WHO Mental Health & Suicide Prevention Framework

UN
20%

UNESCO SDG4 & AI Digital Textbooks (Education)

UN
20%

UNFCCC Paris NDC & Korea Carbon Neutrality Act

UN
20%

UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation → Korea AI Basic Act

UN
20%

ILO Convention 190 (Violence & Harassment) → Korean Workplace Harassment Law

UN
20%

WHO Pandemic Agreement (WHA78) → Korea Infectious Disease Law

UN
20%

EU–Korea Framework Agreement → Political / Global Governance Cooperation

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

UN Civil Society Participation ↔ Korea Nonprofit Civil Society Registration

UN
20%

CBD / Kunming-Montreal Framework → Korea Biodiversity Act

UN
20%

EU ETS → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (K-ETS)

UN
20%

UN CRC → Korea Child Welfare & Child Abuse Punishment Acts

UN
20%

CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act

UN
20%

Hague Apostille Convention → Korea Document Authentication

UN
20%

Hague Child Abduction Convention → Korea Implementation Act

UN
20%

ICAO SARPs (Chicago Convention) → Korea Aviation Safety Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

Minamata Convention on Mercury → Korea Mercury Management

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

Sendai Framework (UNDRR) → Korea Disaster & Safety Management Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNCITRAL Cross-Border Insolvency Model Law → Korea Debtor Rehabilitation Act

UN
20%

1951 Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act (난민법)

UN
20%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement Article 6 (Carbon Markets) → Korea Emissions Trading Scheme

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNFCCC Global Stocktake (GST) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNFCCC Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) → Korea National Climate Adaptation Plan

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNFCCC Technology Mechanism → Korea Environmental Technology & Industry Support Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

UNFCCC Gender Action Plan → Korea Framework Act on Gender Equality

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

CBD Nagoya Protocol on ABS → Korea Genetic Resources Access and Benefit-Sharing Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

CBD Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety → Korea LMO Transboundary Movement Act

UN
20%

Basel Convention (Waste Management Framework) → Korea Waste Management Act

UN
20%

Basel Convention Plastic Waste Amendments → Korea Circular Economy Act

UN
20%

Basel Convention E-Waste Technical Guidelines → Korea E-Waste Recycling Act

UN
20%

Stockholm Convention (POPs Regulation) → Korea Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act

UN
20%

Stockholm Convention (PFAS Regulation) → Korea Chemical Substances Management Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

IMO Ballast Water Management Convention → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

UN
20%

IMO Polar Code (Ship Safety in Polar Waters) → Korea Maritime Safety Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

IMO MARPOL Convention → Korea Ship Safety Act

UN
20%

IMO Sulphur 2020 (Global Sulphur Cap) → Korea Eco-Friendly Ships Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

IMO Anti-Fouling Systems Convention → Korea Ship Navigation Act

UN
20%

ICAO Aircraft Noise Standards (Annex 16) → Korea Airport Noise Prevention Act

UN
20%

ICAO Long-Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) → Korea Aviation Business Act

UN
20%

ICAO Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) → Korea Carbon Neutrality Framework Act

UN
20%

ICAO Annex 17 (Aviation Security) → Korea Aviation Security Act

UN
20%

UN Cybercrime Treaty → Korea Cybercrime Investigation Framework

UN
20%

UNCITRAL CISG → Korea International Sale of Goods Act

UN
20%

UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration → Korea Arbitration Act

UN
20%

UNHCR Refugee Convention → Korea Refugee Act

UN
20%

CRC Optional Protocol on Sale of Children → Korea Child Welfare Act & Act on Protection of Children and Youth against Sex Offenses

UN
20%

CRPD Article 9 (Accessibility) → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act & Convenience Promotion Act

UN
20%

CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (Gender-based violence) → Korea Framework Act on Prevention of Violence Against Women

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
20%

CAT Article 4 (Criminalization of torture) → Korea Criminal Act & Administration of Criminal Detention Act

UN
20%

CEDAW Article 7 (Political participation) → Korea Gender Equality Act & Political Parties Act

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

FATF Proliferation Financing → 대량살상무기확산자금조달금지법

UN
20%

UNDRR Sendai Framework → 재난안전관리기본법 (재난위험경감)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNDRR Sendai Framework Monitor → 한국 재난통계 및 지표체계

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNDRR Early Warnings for All → 한국 조기경보시스템

UN
20%

UNDRR National Platform → 한국 국가재난안전포털

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

IAEA Nuclear Safety Standards → Korea Nuclear Safety Act

UN
20%

IAEA Fusion Energy / ITER → Korea Nuclear Energy Promotion Act

UN
20%

UNODC/UNTOC Protocol on Human Trafficking → Korea Criminal Act & Act on Prevention of Human Trafficking

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNFCCC Paris Agreement NDC → 탄소중립기본법 시행령 (Carbon Neutrality Framework Enforcement Decree)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

ICAO Annex 19 Safety Management → 항공안전법 시행령 (Aviation Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

UNDRIP (UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples) → Korea's Traditional Community & Cultural Heritage Policies

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

IAEA GSR Part 4 (Safety Assessment) → 원자력안전법 시행령 (Nuclear Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
P(B|A) = 55%category
20%

ITU Radio Regulations (RR) → 방송통신위원회·국립전파연구원 전파설비 고시 (KCC Radio Equipment Notice)

UN
20%

IAEA GSR Part 3 (Radiation Protection) → 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전 고시 (NSSC Radiation Safety Notice)

UN
P(B|A) = 60%temporal
20%

CRPD Article 12 (Equal recognition before the law) → Korea Adult Guardianship System (Civil Code)

UN
P(B|A) = 35%agenda
20%

IMO SOLAS Chapter XI-2 (ISPS Code) → 해사안전법 시행령 (Maritime Safety Enforcement Decree)

UN
20%

UN Energy Compacts → Korea New & Renewable Energy Act

UN
14%

UNFCCC Renewable Energy Workstream → Korea Electric Utility Act

UN
14%

UN Energy / Hydrogen Economy → Korea Hydrogen Economy Act

UN
14%

UNFCCC Energy Sector Mitigation → Korea Petroleum Business Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
14%

AI Misinformation Laws

UN
13%

Green Taxonomy / K-Taxonomy Classification

UN
13%

AI Transparency & Generative AI Labeling

UN
13%

EU REACH / GHS → Korean K-REACH & Chemicals Control Act

UN
13%

UN Anti-Corruption Convention (UNCAC) → Korea Conflict-of-Interest Act

UN
13%

UN CRPD → Korea Disability Anti-Discrimination Act

UN
13%

UN Global Plastics Treaty (INC) → Korea Plastic Reduction Policy

UN
13%

WIPO Marrakesh Treaty → Korea Copyright Act (accessible works)

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
13%

UN Convention vs Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) → Korea

UN
13%

UNFCCC Just Transition → Korea Employment Policy Framework Act

UN
P(B|A) = 25%agenda
13%

UNFCCC Climate Finance (GCF/Standing Committee) → Korea Environmental Policy Framework Act

UN
P(B|A) = 25%agenda
13%

UNCLOS Part XII (Marine Environment Protection) → Korea Marine Environment Management Act

UN
13%

Rotterdam Convention (PIC Procedure) → Korea Chemical Registration & Assessment Act

UN
13%

Minamata Convention (Mercury-Added Products) → Korea Environmental Health Act

UN
P(B|A) = 25%agenda
13%

SAICM / Global Framework on Chemicals → Korea Consumer Chemical Products Safety Act

UN
13%

ILO/WHO Asbestos Convention → Korea Asbestos Safety Management Act

UN
13%

UNCAC Article 33 (Protection of whistleblowers) → Korea Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
13%

UNCAC Chapter II (Preventive anti-corruption measures) → Korea Improper Solicitation and Graft Act (Kim Young-ran Act)

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
13%

UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation → 한국 국제조세 협력 체계

UN
13%

IMO MARPOL Annex VI (EEDI/EEXI) → 해양환경관리법 시행령 (Marine Environment Enforcement Decree)

UN
P(B|A) = 30%agenda
13%

UN BBNJ High Seas Treaty → Korean Marine Protected Areas

UN
10%

OECD MNE Guidelines / RBC → Korea National Contact Point & Due Diligence

UN
10%

UN Guiding Principles on Business & Human Rights → Korea NAP

UN
P(B|A) = 28%agenda
10%

Ramsar Convention → Korea Wetlands Conservation Act

UN
10%

Semantically Related

Closest patterns by multilingual embedding (e5) — conceptual similarity beyond shared keywords. A computed signal, not a sourced claim.

UN Arms Trade Treaty → Korea Arms Export Control

Security & Arms

cos 0.92

Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) → Korea CW/BW Prohibition Act

Security & Arms

cos 0.90

CITES → Korea Wildlife Protection & Management Act

Environment

cos 0.90

MTCR Dual-Use Technology Controls → Korea Strategic Trade Management

Security & Arms

cos 0.90

Basel Convention → Korea Transboundary Hazardous Waste Act

Environment

cos 0.90

MTCR Equipment & Technology Annex → Korea Defense Acquisition Program Act

Security & Arms

cos 0.90
Keywords
Arms Trade TreatyATT무기거래조약conventional arms transfer재래식 무기전략물자strategic itemsexport control수출통제대외무역법Foreign Trade Act산업통상자원부수출허가Article 7 export assessment국제수출통제체제전략물자 수출허가UN resolution 67/234BWassenaar Arrangement전략물자관리원
Score Guide
Confidence — Editorial judgment, now shown as a confidence tier (A–D) based on semantic, temporal, and linkage evidence. Not proof of causation.
Echo Strength — Metadata completeness score. Rewards verified sources, paired links, explicit dates, keyword diversity, and origin tags.
Vocabulary Overlap — Heuristic score measuring shared tokens between global and Korean texts. Reflects loanwords and repeated terms, not meaning across languages.
PATTERN #arms-trade-treaty-1